Power Quality Assessment in Distribution Systems Embedded With Plug-In Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles

The impact of electric vehicles on power quality in electric distribution system is evaluated. Voltage deviations such as under/over voltage and voltage imbalance are probabilistically quantified using Monte Carlo. Moreover, distribution transformers overload and unbalance are assessed for different vehicle types (i.e., plug-in hybrid and battery electric), different vehicle penetration (up to 50%) while considering level 1 and level 2 charging. The results of Monte Carlo reveal that battery electric vehicles can cause more overload to distribution transformers compared to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Also level 2 and level 1 can be problematic resulting in secondary bus undervoltage and transformer unbalance, respectively.