Illustrating vector fields with the use of symbols

Three-dimensional vector fields in a waveguide can be graphically represented, on a printed page, by a set of symbols that indicate both the direction and the intensity of the field. These miniature symbols are placed at equidistant points across the plane of illustration. The representation can be created with personal computers, and is suitable for reproduction in scientific publications. The advantages of such representation is that it can be automatically generated by a simple computer program, and that it does not require the use of color prints.