Evolutionary synthesis of digital filter structures using genetic programming

This paper presents a synthesis method for infinite-impulse response (IIR) digital filter structures using genetic programming with automatically defined functions (GP-ADF). In the proposed method, digital filter structures are represented as S-expressions with subroutines, which are written directly from the set of difference equations. This paper also shows the condition for the constructing the S-expressions that represent the filter structures without delay-free loops. Numerical examples synthesize two-filter structures: the low-coefficient sensitivity fourth-order filter structure and the low-output roundoff noise second-order filter structure.