IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

What will 5G be? What it will not be is an incremental advance on 4G. The previous four generations of cellular technology have each been a major paradigm shift that has broken backward compatibility. Indeed, 5G will need to be a paradigm shift that includes very high carrier frequencies with massive bandwidths, extreme base station and device densities, and unprecedented numbers of antennas. Howe... View full abstract»

There is considerable pressure to define the key requirements of 5G, develop 5G standards, and perform technology trials as quickly as possible. Normally, these activities are best done in series but there is a desire to complete these tasks in parallel so that commercial deployments of 5G can begin by 2020. 5G will not be an incremental improvement over its predecessors; it aims to be a revolutio... View full abstract»

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an essential enabling technology for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks to meet the heterogeneous demands on low latency, high reliability, massive connectivity, improved fairness, and high throughput. The key idea behind NOMA is to serve multiple users in the same resource block, such as a time slot, subcarrier, or spreading code. The NOMA princip... View full abstract»

With the severe spectrum shortage in conventional cellular bands, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz have been attracting growing attention as a possible candidate for next-generation micro- and picocellular wireless networks. The mmW bands offer orders of magnitude greater spectrum than current cellular allocations and enable very high-dimensional antenna arrays for further ... View full abstract»

An asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based concept for the routing of information in a low Earth orbit/medium Earth orbit (LEO/MEO) satellite system including intersatellite links (ISLs) is proposed. Specific emphasis is laid on the design of an ATM-based routing scheme for the ISL part of the system. The approach is to prepare a virtual topology by means of virtual path connections (VPCs) connecti... View full abstract»

Physical layer security which safeguards data confidentiality based on the information-theoretic approaches has received significant research interest recently. The key idea behind physical layer security is to utilize the intrinsic randomness of the transmission channel to guarantee the security in physical layer. The evolution toward 5G wireless communications poses new challenges for physical l... View full abstract»

The IoT paradigm holds the promise to revolutionize the way we live and work by means of a wealth of new services, based on seamless interactions between a large amount of heterogeneous devices. After decades of conceptual inception of the IoT, in recent years a large variety of communication technologies has gradually emerged, reflecting a large diversity of application domains and of communicati... View full abstract»

Mobile-edge computing (MEC) is an emerging paradigm to meet the ever-increasing computation demands from mobile applications. By offloading the computationally intensive workloads to the MEC server, the quality of computation experience, e.g., the execution latency, could be greatly improved. Nevertheless, as the on-device battery capacities are limited, computation would be interrupted when the b... View full abstract»

Millimeter wave (mmWave) MIMO will likely use hybrid analog and digital precoding, which uses a small number of RF chains to reduce the energy consumption associated with mixed signal components like analog-to-digital components not to mention baseband processing complexity. However, most hybrid precoding techniques consider a fully connected architecture requiring a large number of phase shifters... View full abstract»

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications have recently attracted large research interest, since the huge available bandwidth can potentially lead to the rates of multiple gigabit per second per user. Though mmWave can be readily used in stationary scenarios, such as indoor hotspots or backhaul, it is challenging to use mmWave in mobile networks, where the transmitting/receiving nodes may be moving,... View full abstract»

With the development of recent innovative applications (e.g., augment reality, self-driving, and various cognitive applications), more and more computation-intensive and data-intensive tasks are delay-sensitive. Mobile edge computing in ultra-dense network is expected as an effective solution for meeting the low latency demand. However, the distributed computing resource in edge cloud and energy d... View full abstract»

In this paper, the application of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) to nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks in which users are spatially randomly located is investigated. A new co-operative SWIPT NOMA protocol is proposed, in which near NOMA users that are close to the source act as energy harvesting relays to help far NOMA users. Since the locations of users ha... View full abstract»

Cognitive radio is viewed as a novel approach for improving the utilization of a precious natural resource: the radio electromagnetic spectrum. The cognitive radio, built on a software-defined radio, is defined as an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its environment and uses the methodology of understanding-by-building to learn from the environment and adapt to statistical... View full abstract»

Mobile edge computing (MEC) and fog are emerging computing models that extend the cloud and its services to the edge of the network. The emergence of both MEC and fog introduce new requirements, which mean their supported deployment models must be investigated. In this paper, we point out the influence and strong impact of the extended cloud (i.e., the MEC and fog) on existing communication and ne... View full abstract»

Network softwarization is a major paradigm shift, which enables programmable and flexible system operation in challenging use cases. In the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, the more advanced scenarios envision transfer of high-rate mission-critical traffic. Achieving end-to-end reliability of these stringent sessions requires support from multiple radio access technologies and calls for dyna... View full abstract»

We consider the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) of non-cooperative multi-cellular time-division duplexing (TDD) systems, assuming that the number N of antennas per base station (BS) and the number K of user terminals (UTs) per cell are large. Our system model accounts for channel estimation, pilot contamination, and an arbitrary path loss and antenna correlation for each link. We derive approximatio... View full abstract»

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) operation has emerged as an attractive solution for increasing the throughput of wireless communication systems and networks. With IBFD, a wireless terminal is allowed to transmit and receive simultaneously in the same frequency band. This tutorial paper reviews the main concepts of IBFD wireless. One of the biggest practical impediments to IBFD operation is the presence... View full abstract»

Spectral efficiency is always a key factor to be improved and optimized along mobile communication networks evolving generation by generation. 5G enabling technologies must take spectral efficiency into consideration. In this paper, we show the performance of three key 5G technologies in sense of spectral efficiency improvement. Sparse code multiple access, polar codes, and filtered orthogonal fre... View full abstract»

This paper summarizes recent contributions in the broad area of energy harvesting wireless communications. In particular, we provide the current state of the art for wireless networks composed of energy harvesting nodes, starting from the information-theoretic performance limits to transmission scheduling policies and resource allocation, medium access, and networking issues. The emerging related ... View full abstract»

After about a decade of intense research, spurred by both economic and operational considerations, and by environmental concerns, energy efficiency has now become a key pillar in the design of communication networks. With the advent of the fifth generation of wireless networks, with millions more base stations and billions of connected devices, the need for energy-efficient system design and opera... View full abstract»

Future spacecraft communication subsystems will potentially benefit from software-defined radios controlled by artificial intelligence algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel radio resource allocation algorithm leveraging multiobjective reinforcement learning and artificial neural network ensembles able to manage available resources and conflicting mission-based goals. The uncertainty in the... View full abstract»

The long-term ambition of the Tactile Internet is to enable a democratization of skill, and how it is being delivered globally. An integral part of this is to be able to transmit touch in perceived real-time, which is enabled by suitable robotics and haptics equipment at the edges, along with an unprecedented communications network. The fifth generation (5G) mobile communications systems will unde... View full abstract»

Future wireless systems will be characterized by a large range of possible uses cases. This requires a flexible allocation of the available time-frequency resources, which is difficult in conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Thus, modifications of OFDM, such as windowing or filtering, become necessary. Alternatively, we can employ a different modulation scheme, such as f... View full abstract»

The complexity of indoor radio propagation has resulted in location-awareness being derived from empirical fingerprinting techniques, where positioning is performed via a previously-constructed radio map, usually of WiFi signals. The recent introduction of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio protocol provides new opportunities for indoor location. It supports portable battery-powered beacons that... View full abstract»

Merging mobile edge computing (MEC) functionality with the dense deployment of base stations (BSs) provides enormous benefits such as a real proximity, low latency access to computing resources. However, the envisioned integration creates many new challenges, among which mobility management (MM) is a critical one. Simply applying existing radio access-oriented MM schemes leads to poor performance ... View full abstract»

In this paper, the problem of proactive deployment of cache-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for optimizing the quality-of-experience (QoE) of wireless devices in a cloud radio access network is studied. In the considered model, the network can leverage human-centric information, such as users' visited locations, requested contents, gender, job, and device type to predict the content reques... View full abstract»

The millimeter wave (mmWave) bands offer the possibility of orders of magnitude greater throughput for fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems. However, since mmWave signals are highly susceptible to blockage, channel quality on any one mmWave link can be extremely intermittent. This paper implements a novel dual connectivity protocol that enables mobile user equipment devices to maintain physical ... View full abstract»

We provide an overview of the extensive results on the Shannon capacity of single-user and multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Although enormous capacity gains have been predicted for such channels, these predictions are based on somewhat unrealistic assumptions about the underlying time-varying channel model and how well it can be tracked at the receiver, as well as at the t... View full abstract»

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enables power-domain multiplexing via successive interference cancellation (SIC) and has been viewed as a promising technology for 5G communication. The full benefit of NOMA depends on resource allocation, including power allocation and channel assignment, for all users, which, however, leads to mixed integer programs. In the literature, the optimal power allo... View full abstract»

Wireless data traffic is projected to skyrocket 10 000 fold within the next 20 years. To tackle this incredible increase in wireless data traffic, a first approach is to further improve spectrally efficient systems such as 4G LTE in bands below 6 GHz by using more advanced spectral efficiency techniques. However, the required substantial increase in system complexity along with fundamental limits ... View full abstract»

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) exploits successive interference cancellation technique at the receivers to improve the spectral efficiency. By using this technique, multiple users can be multiplexed on the same subchannel to achieve high sum rate. Most previous research works on NOMA systems assume perfect channel state information (CSI). However, in this paper, we investigate energy effici... View full abstract»

This paper presents a simple two-branch transmit diversity scheme. Using two transmit antennas and one receive antenna the scheme provides the same diversity order as maximal-ratio receiver combining (MRRC) with one transmit antenna, and two receive antennas. It is also shown that the scheme may easily be generalized to two transmit antennas and M receive antennas to provide a diversity order of 2... View full abstract»

Mobile edge computing is of particular interest to Internet of Things (IoT), where inexpensive simple devices can get complex tasks offloaded to and processed at powerful infrastructure. Scheduling is challenging due to stochastic task arrivals and wireless channels, congested air interface, and more prominently, prohibitive feedbacks from thousands of devices. In this paper, we generate asymptoti... View full abstract»

The recent concept of beamspace multiple input multiple output (MIMO) can significantly reduce the number of required radio frequency (RF) chains in millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive MIMO systems without obvious performance loss. However, the fundamental limit of existing beamspace MIMO is that the number of supported users cannot be larger than the number of RF chains at the same time-frequency re... View full abstract»

Hybrid analog and digital beamforming is a promising candidate for large-scale millimeter wave (mmWave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems because of its ability to significantly reduce the hardware complexity of the conventional fully digital beamforming schemes while being capable of approaching the performance of fully digital schemes. Most of the prior work on hybrid beamforming con... View full abstract»

5G network is considered as a key enabler in meeting continuously increasing demands for the future Internet of Things (IoT) services, including high data rate, numerous devices connection, and low service latency. To satisfy these demands, network slicing and fog computing have been envisioned as the promising solutions in service-oriented 5G architecture. However, security paradigms enabling aut... View full abstract»

To address the ever increasing high data rate and connectivity requirements in the next generation 5G wireless network, novel radio access technologies (RATs) are actively explored to enhance the system spectral efficiency and connectivity. As a promising RAT for 5G cellular networks, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has attracted extensive research attentions. Compared with the orthogonal mu... View full abstract»

This paper presents a novel ultrawideband wireless spread spectrum millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel sounder that supports both a wideband sliding correlator mode and a realtime spread spectrum mode, also known as wideband correlation or direct correlation. Both channel sounder modes are capable of absolute propagation delay (time of flight) measurements with up to 1 GHz of radio frequency null-to-... View full abstract»

Wireless networks are fundamentally limited by the intensity of the received signals and by their interference. Since both of these quantities depend on the spatial location of the nodes, mathematical techniques have been developed in the last decade to provide communication-theoretic results accounting for the networks geometrical configuration. Often, the location of the nodes in the network can... View full abstract»

Although the capacity of multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels (BCs) can be achieved by dirty paper coding (DPC), it is difficult to implement in practical systems. This paper investigates if, for a large number of users, simpler schemes can achieve the same performance. Specifically, we show that a zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) strategy, while generally suboptimal, can achiev... View full abstract»

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation in multi-cell interference-limited cellular networks. We consider systems employing multiple antennas and are interested in both the finite and large-scale antenna number regimes (so-called "massive MIMO"). Such systems deal with the multi-cell interference by way of per-cell beamforming applied at each base station. Channel estimation in such... View full abstract»

This paper proposes a novel design of an optical wireless communications (OWC) receiver using a solar panel as a photodetector. The proposed system is capable of simultaneous data transmission and energy harvesting. The solar panel can convert a modulated light signal into an electrical signal without any external power requirements. Furthermore, the direct current (DC) component of the modulated ... View full abstract»

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is not suitable for the dense urban or indoor environments as the satellite signals are very weak. Meanwhile, positioning is an important application of the fifth-generation (5G) communication system. GNSS/5G integrated positioning system becomes a promising research topic with the development of 5G standard. This paper focuses on the integrated methodolog... View full abstract»

At the time of writing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is enjoying substantial research attention as a benefit of its compelling applications. However, the ever-increasing tele-traffic is expected to result in overcrowding of the available band. As a first resort, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) can be utilized to enhance the attainable bandwidth efficiency or link reliability. Howev... View full abstract»

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is an emerging research topic in the future fifth generation wireless communication networks, which is expected to support massive connectivity for massive machine-type communications (mMTC). Due to the sporadic communication nature of mMTC, the grant-free transmission methodology is highly expected in uplink NOMA systems, to drastically reduce the transmissio... View full abstract»

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can be used to serve as aerial Base Stations (BSs) to enhance both the coverage and performance of communication networks in various scenarios, such as emergency communications and network access for remote areas. Mobile UAVs can establish communication links for ground users to deliver packets. However, UAVs have limited communication ranges and energy resources. P... View full abstract»

Recently, millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands have been postulated as a means to accommodate the foreseen extreme bandwidth demands in vehicular communications, which result from the dissemination of sensory data to nearby vehicles for enhanced environmental awareness and improved safety level. However, the literature is particularly scarce in regards to principled resource allocation schemes that deal... View full abstract»

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), millimeter wave (mmWave), and massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) have been emerging as key technologies for fifth generation mobile communications. However, less studies have been done on combining the three technologies into the converged systems. In addition, how many capacity improvements can be achieved via this combination remains unclear. In ... View full abstract»

Mobile edge computing (MEC) and wireless power transfer (WPT) are two promising techniques to enhance the computation capability and to prolong the operational time of low-power wireless devices that are ubiquitous in Internet of Things. However, the computation performance and the harvested energy are significantly impacted by the severe propagation loss. In order to address this issue, an unmann... View full abstract»

Cellular networks are in a major transition from a carefully planned set of large tower-mounted base-stations (BSs) to an irregular deployment of heterogeneous infrastructure elements that often additionally includes micro, pico, and femtocells, as well as distributed antennas. In this paper, we develop a tractable, flexible, and accurate model for a downlink heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) c... View full abstract»