Hardware Trojan and Countermeasures for Internet of Things

Nowadays we are living a new era where most of our usable devices are connected to the internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) that how we call this technology. It is used in many segments in our life such as healthcare, industries, shopping and even in our houses. The IoT includes smart machines embedded with sensors to collect data. Those devices are able to communicate and interact with the surrounded area, human, objects and even the other machines to transfer the collected data.The security is one of the most concern for the IoT devices. Some of the collected data by those devices are very critical, thus it should be accessible only by the authorized person. The security at this point is not for the device as an appliance only, it must include the software, network and applications to be protected from any sophisticated attack. Most of the researches discussed software, network, cloud security and overlook hardware security. Hardware Trojans (HTs) are major threats to the IoT hardware. This paper will discuss the security on the hardware level of IoT devices, nature of HTs, the insertion method. Also it will clarify side channel attacks and how they are extremely dangerous when they carried out with Hardware Trojan.lastly it will provide countermeasures to detect infected circuses and methods to prevent HT insertion to secure hardware level of IoT devices.