Shorter Intracellular Calcium Fluctuations in Re-sonoporation of the Sonoporated Cells

Sonoporation shows a promising prospect for drug delivery. The target cells would experience repeated sonoporation as a result of repeatedly cavitating microbubbles. Repeated sonoporation would further affect the cellular and molecular responses of cells, producing different fate trends. We observed 39 re-sonoporated cells' responses based on a customized platform at the single-cell level. Our results show that the recovery capability of intracellular calcium fluctuations was potentiated in the second sonoporation. These findings offer new insights into the sonoporation-related biophysical mechanisms.