Towards Perovskite Vapor Transport Deposition: PbI2 Deposition and Modeling in a Close Space Vapor Transport Configuration

Interactions between temperature, pressure, and deposition rate are explored for the deposition of PbI
2
in a close space vapor transport (CSVT) geometry. The data presented here confirm that PbI
2
deposition occurs through diffusive mass transport based on strong correlations between the deposition rate and PbI
2
concentration gradient from the source and to the substrate. The calculated deposition rates from a one-dimensional diffusive mass transport model are found to be in good agreement with the experimentally-measured values. Additionally, the deposition temperature and pressure are found to strongly affect the morphology of equally-thick PbI
2
films, where higher temperature produces a rougher morphology and higher pressure leads to a more open grain structure.