A Bi-Level Optimization Model for Energy Storage Configuration and Scheduling Strategy Considering Distribution Network Operation Risk

Aiming at the voltage overrun problem of daytime overvoltage and nighttime low-voltage coexisting in the distribution network when electric vehicles and large-scale distributed power sources are connected to the grid, this paper proposes a bi-level cooperative optimization model considering the configuration and operation of the energy storage system based on the flexibility of the energy storage equipment. The upper-layer model considers the configuration cost of the energy storage system and the operation cost of the distribution network, and explores the optimal configuration scheme of the energy storage system; the lower-layer model aims to optimize the operation risk and operation cost of the distribution network, and explores the optimal scheduling strategy of the energy storage system, so as to modify the upper-layer energy storage configuration scheme. The model is solved by particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm to obtain the optimal configuration scheme of the energy storage system and the daily scheduling strategy under typical scenarios. The simulation analysis is carried out with the distribution network of IEEE 33-nodes, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively configure the energy storage system and formulate the energy storage scheduling strategy, and achieve the goal of optimizing the operation cost while guaranteeing the operation safety of the distribution network.