Comparative Analysis of MgB2 Cable Layouts for 1 GW Superconducting Transmission-Insights From the SCARLET Project

The European project SCARLET is dedicated to advancing the integration and application of superconducting technologies for medium voltage direct current (MVDC) systems. One of the main innovations within SCARLET is the development of a dual-purpose infrastructure that combines the transmission of bulk electricity and liquid hydrogen. The MgB₂ superconducting cable, operating at around 20 K, finds its suitable environment within the pipeline for liquid hydrogen transport. This integration promises a compact and economically attractive solution for the simultaneous distribution of hydrogen and electricity. In this paper, we present various designs of the MgB₂ cable core, showcasing results from electro-thermal simulations and highlighting the strengths and potential challenges. The intent of this work is to help identify the most effective cable configuration that meets the requirements of energy efficiency and compactness, while also considering the constraints associated with the production phase. In addition, to enhance the sensitivity to the thermal behaviour, a thermal model was developed and presented.

I. Introduction

Superconducting technologies have made significant advancements, reaching a level where they are now practical for high-current applications, crucial for modern power transmission networks. These advances are particularly relevant in the development of cables that can transmit electricity over long distances with minimal losses in AC and no losses in DC. High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS), like magnesium diboride (MgB₂) or Rare-earth Barium Copper Oxide family (ReBCO), offer unique opportunities for improving the efficiency and capacity of power transmission.