Manufacturing of 2m2 Perovskite Modules, and > 15 Month Field Durability Demonstration Using Mini-Modules

Caelux Corporation has developed a Perovskite solar panel that serves as a top “active glass” for customers to laminate over a traditional silicon panel to form a 4-terminal (4T) tandem in a glass/glass package. It is a ~1.65eV bandgap, semi-transparent structure with high-aspect-ratio laser-scribed cells similar in format to those used in present-day CdTe thin-film panels. To date Caelux has demonstrated devices in formats up to
$\mathbf{2}.\mathbf{1}\mathbf{m}^{\mathbf{2}}$
, with
$\mathbf{256}\mathbf{cm}^{\mathbf{2}}$
mini-module photoconversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 16.5%. An overview of the manufacturing process and cost structure is provided. A hero minimodule has been fielded for over 1 year at the University of California, Merced's outdoor test facility. Linear regression of the normalized max power output over time for the first year suggests a “T80” between 476 and 667 days. Preliminary failure analysis of fielded devices that have previously failed will also be presented in the full paper.