Large Language Model Enhanced Multi-Agent Systems for 6G Communications

The rapid development of the large language model (LLM) presents huge opportunities for 6G communications -- for example, network optimization and management -- by allowing users to input task requirements to LLMs with natural language. However, directly applying native LLMs in 6G encounters various challenges, such as a lack of communication data and knowledge, and limited logical reasoning, evaluation, and refinement abilities. Integrating LLMs with the capabilities of retrieval, planning, memory, evaluation, and reflection in agents can greatly enhance the potential of LLMs for 6G communications. To this end, we propose CommLLM, a multi-agent system with customized communication knowledge and tools for solving communication-related tasks using natural language. This system consists of three components: multi-agent data retrieval (MDR), which employs the condensate and inference agents to refine and summarize communication knowledge from the knowledge base, expanding the knowledge boundaries of LLMs in 6G communications; multi-agent collaborative planning (MCP), which utilizes multiple planning agents to generate feasible solutions for the communication-related task from different perspectives based on the retrieved knowledge; and multi-agent evaluation and reflection (MER), which utilizes the evaluation agent to assess the solutions, and applies the reflection agent and refinement agent to provide improvement suggestions for current solutions. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-agent system by designing a semantic communication system as a case study of 6G communications.