Use of Different Control Strategies to Design Converters and Inverters for Sustainable Grids

Renewable energy resources are expected to dominate the power grid in the future, posing a challenge to the grid-following (GFL) control strategies used for grid-tied converters. Regrettably, there have been shortcomings with GFL control, including poor stability and limited grid support capabilities. Novel grid-forming controllers have been developed in response to these difficulties with the goal of improving the dynamical efficiency and dependability of grid-tied converters. This paper presents a thorough analysis of many GFM control techniques, contrasting them on important fronts such control architecture, grid support capacity, fault current limitation, and overall stability. An extensive transient stability study is included in the work because it acknowledges the importance of current fault limiting techniques. The purpose of this research is to assess how well GFM control techniques mitigate transient disturbances and guarantee the power system operates robustly and steadily. By carefully examining the various strategies, the review hopes to shed light on the advantages and disadvantages of each GFM management technique, aiding in the decision of which strategy is best for a given set of circumstances. The paper also explores the useful uses of GFM converters, emphasizing their use in situations such AC micro grid configurations and the incorporation of offshore windmills via high-voltage alternating current systems. These uses highlight the GFM converters' flexibility and versatility in a range of energy infrastructure projects. The report concludes by discussing potential difficulties that GFM converters could encounter in the future. Anticipating and resolving these issues is essential to the effective integration and broad implementation of grid-forming control techniques as the energy landscape changes. Through elucidating the present condition, uses, and difficulties, this analysis advances our comprehension of the dynamic function of GFM conversions in molding the trajectory of power systems in the future.