A 40nm $\boldsymbol{2.76}\boldsymbol{\mu}\mathbf{J}/\mathbf{Op}$ Energy-Efficient Secure Post-Quantum Crypto-Processor for Crystals-Kyber on Module-LWE

Most information is transmitted through untrusted channels, and people use traditional asymmetric encryption methods/algorithms to prevent information leakage. Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) alternatives are refining to counter the possibility of brute-forcing encryption in finite time with progressively feasible quantum computers. As the winner of the NIST PQC project global competition, CRYSTALS-KYBER (Kyber) has a balance of security and efficiency. This paper proposes an efficient ASIC for chip-level applications of Kyber. Configurable operators and data generators are designed. Separation of secure memory and public memory from bus arbiter ensures leak-proof of critical information. A unified command and control system schedule execution process and data interaction. The proposed Kyber processor is fabricated and properly verified at a 40nm process, achieving high energy efficiency for the execution of the Kyber key encapsulation mechanism (KEM).