An Efficient Autonomous Maze Solving Robot based on Microcontroller by Avoiding Obstacles Using a Decision-Making Algorithm

The task of maze solving has a rich historical background and continues to hold great significance in the realms of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. The recent advancements in robotics technology aim to develop self-driving robots capable of autonomous operation, with the goal of streamlining our daily tasks. This emphasizes the focus of most research endeavors on augmenting sensor capabilities and refining algorithms to create robots that are adaptable and precise.In this paper, we present a contemporary approach to robotics that centers on the creation of self-navigating autonomous robots proficient in maze-solving while avoiding obstacles. This innovative research distinguishes itself from conventional line-following robots that merely adhere to predetermined paths. Instead, our proposed methodology enables the robot to navigate the maze independently, optimizing its path effectively. To achieve this, the robot employed in our study incorporates an ultrasonic sensor and operates on an open-source platform featuring an ATmega328P-based microcontroller chip.The core of this research lies in the development of a decision-making algorithm, which can be stored within the robot's programmable microcontroller, enabling it to tackle maze-solving tasks. The implications of this research span various applications, such as material handling, warehouse management, pipeline inspection, and bomb disposal. Compared to conventional line-following robots, our method provides superior results in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, time required to solve mazes, and practicality.