Coordinated Synthetic Inertia Control Provision from Distributed Energy Resources and Energy Storage Systems

Large-scale integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) into power grids reduces the system inertial response. Reduced inertial response results in high Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (RoCoF) and poses operational challenges regarding the grid frequency stability. The need for Fast Frequency Response (FFR) like Synthetic Inertia Control (SIC) is recognized globally as one of the potential solutions to this challenge. This paper proposes a novel SIC control strategy in an islanded microgrid framework with DERs like wind, photovoltaic, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Diesel generator and inverters. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to tune the SIC droop, the damping and inverter the time constant. Furthermore, a PID controller is implemented for fine tuning of the synthetic inertia constants. The proposed approach is examined in a control area with distinct degrees of DERs and load. Case studies and numerical results demonstrate about 94% improvement in RoCoF and 72% improvement in the frequency nadir.