Current Challenges in Optical Vehicular Modulation Techniques

Nowadays, a substantial amount of research is going on for the commercial deployment of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) mostly focused on radio frequency (RF). Fortunately, optical camera communication (OCC) has emerged as an out-of-the-box solution to the overly congested RF spectrum. Vehicle lights and cameras are the transmitters and the receivers, respectively in vehicular OCC systems. It has already achieved a data rate higher than the IEEE 802.11p standard. Therefore, it is considered a potential candidate for vehicular communication. Here, we have presented a comprehensive study of optical vehicular modulation techniques, their limitations, and future research direction.