Modeling and Analysis of Data and Coverage Energy Efficiency for Different Demographic Areas in 5G Networks

It is expected that fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks will need to accommodate vast data traffic volumes. The practical implementation of 5G networks is further challenged by the presence of versatile demographic areas differing in user density and expected transmission rates. Accommodating the increased traffic demands in such versatile demographic areas mandates the installation of different in size, number, and capacity 5G base stations (BSs), which will have an impact on the energy consumption of the 5G network. In this article, for the square kilometer area of the radio part of the 5G network, standardized network energy-efficiency (EE) metrics are presented. The EE analysis of the 5G network was performed for four different demographic areas (indoor hotspot, dense urban, urban, and rural) and two standardized data (bit/J) and coverage (m
²
/J) EE metrics. To determine how the different 5G BSs deployment strategies affect the network's EE, five different 5G BSs installation and operation strategies have been analyzed for each demographic area. Interpolation functions expressing the impact of the data volume (DV) on the data and coverage EE metrics have been developed for each demographic area and network installation and operation scenario. The obtained results show that the DVs of the different demographic areas significantly impact the standardized EE metrics.