A Modified IEEE 118-Bus Test Case for Geomagnetic Disturbance Studies—Part II: Simulation Results

This two-part paper proposes a modified version of the IEEE 118-bus benchmark, referred to as 118-GMD, for time domain simulation of the impacts of a geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) on a power system within an electromagnetic transient program (EMT-type). The advantage of 118-GMD over existing GMD test cases in the literature is that it enables additional GMD studies including harmonic analysis, response of control and protection, and interaction between the dc geomagnetically-induced currents, transformer saturation, additional var consumption and voltage collapse due to a GMD. Part I has presented the network model and its parameters. Part II presents simulation results and identifies the influential modeling details that should be incorporated in an EMT-type GMD simulation study based on the type of simulation. The study includes modeling details such as line model, delta-winding resistance, over excitation limiter, on-load tap changer, and load model.