Effect of Electron Beam Velocity Spread in a Clinotron

We have studied the effect of velocity spread in the electron beam cross section on the output power, frequency, and starting current in a clinotron. It was shown that in the case when the lower electron layers move faster than upper ones there is an increase in the output power compared to the single velocity beam case. In the opposite case of faster upper layers, the output power decreases drastically and both the starting current and probability of multifrequency oscillations increase.