Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms of Swarm Intelligence in Patch Antenna Design

The patch antennas are widely used today and the research about their design is very important due to the numerous communication systems in which they are used. However, for these applications is essential that their parameters are suitable. Besides, the theoretical design of this type of antennas is not always effective. So, the metaheuristic optimization algorithms combined with simulations are presented, as a very efficient tool for the design of this class of antennas. Swarm intelligence is imitated of organisms present in nature that have an organization to each other and this communication between members of the same population makes it possible to find a global optimum value of the parameters. In this paper, metaheuristic swarm intelligence optimization algorithms have been used for the design of patch antennas. The optimization techniques used were particle swarm optimization, firefly algorithm and directional bat algorithm. The optimization of the operating frequency, the reflection parameter or S11 and the impedance of the antenna is performed. Each algorithm performs the search in a different way. Finally, the results obtained are presented.