A Unified, Wave-Based Calibration Framework for Vector Network Analyzers

The state of the art in Vector Network Analyzer calibrations shows the existence of a separate calibration method and algorithm for each possible combination of standards used during the calibration. In this work, we propose a single, unified calibration framework that can handle most current calibrations using one framework and one algorithm only. The method uses raw wave measurements only, which enables the integration of any potential calibration element and a subsequent power and/or phase calibration as is required for nonlinear VNA measurements.