Full Experimental Determination of the Optical and Magneto-Optical Characteristics of a Hybrid Glass Waveguide Covered by a Magnetic Nanoparticles Doped Sol–Gel Layer

Optical waveguides, where propagating modes interact with a magnetized magneto-optical layer, show nonreciprocal properties, such as mode conversion, phase shift, and absorption. These properties are essential in order to make an efficient integrated isolator. In this paper, we explain how a well-calibrated polarimetric setup can be used to measure all the magneto-optical characteristics of a waveguide, in order to advance toward well-controlled integrated optical isolators.