Calibration of Dry Friction and Turbulent Drag Coefficients in the Calculation of the Dynamic Characteristics of Snow Avalanches

Mathematical modeling is used to calculate the parameters of avalanches in the assessment of avalanche danger and design of protective structures. The computer program RAMMS, developed at the Swiss Institute for snow and avalanche studies (SLF), is widely used for calculation of avalanche movement by a two-dimensional hydraulic model in real relief conditions. A necessary condition for the application of this mathematical model in practice is the calibration of the values of the coefficients of dry friction and turbulent resistance from the data of real avalanches. The article presents the results of calibration of these factors for avalanches of different types.