Data-Driven Nonparametric Existence and Association Problems

We investigate two closely related nonparametric hypothesis testing problems. In the first problem (i.e., the existence problem), we test whether a testing data stream is generated by one of a set of composite distributions. In the second problem (i.e., the association problem), we test which one of the multiple distributions generates a testing data stream. We assume that some distributions in the set are unknown, and instead, only training sequences generated by the corresponding distributions are available. For both problems, we construct the generalized likelihood tests and characterize the error exponents of the maximum error probabilities. For the existence problem, we show that the error exponent is mainly captured by the Chernoff information between the set of composite distributions and alternative distributions. For the association problem, we show that the error exponent is captured by the minimum Chernoff information between each pair of distributions as well as the Kullback-Leibler Divergences between the approximated distributions (via training sequences) and the true distributions. We also show that the ratio between the lengths of training and testing sequences plays an important role in determining the error decay rate.