A High Frame Rate Wearable EIT System Using Active Electrode ASICs for Lung Respiration and Heart Rate Monitoring

A high specification, wearable, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system with 32 active electrodes is presented. Each electrode has an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) mounted on a flexible printed circuit board, which is then wrapped inside a disposable fabric cover containing silver-coated electrodes to form the wearable belt. It is connected to a central hub that operates all the 32 ASICs. Each ASIC comprises a high-performance current driver capable of up to 6 mA
_p-p
output, a voltage buffer for EIT and heart rate signal recording as well as contact impedance monitoring, and a sensor buffer that provides multi-parameter sensing. The ASIC was designed in a CMOS 0.35-μm high-voltage process technology. It operates from ±9 V power supplies and occupies a total die area of 3.9 mm
²
. The EIT system has a bandwidth of 500 kHz and employs two parallel data acquisition channels to achieve a frame rate of 107 frames/s, the fastest wearable EIT system reported to date. Measured results show that the system has a measurement accuracy of 98.88% and a minimum EIT detectability of 0.86 Q/frame. Its successful operation in capturing EIT lung respiration and heart rate biosignals from a volunteer is demonstrated.