PEV Charging Coordination Using Adaptive Time-of-Use Tariffs to Reduce Wind Energy Curtailment

Wind generation curtailment in off-peak periods becomes a severe issue nowadays. This paper aims to coordinate charging behaviors of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to reduce wind energy curtailment in off-peak hours. Adaptive two-stage time-of-use (TS-TOU, flat tariff and cheap tariff) tariff schemes are proposed for coordination. Adaptive TS-TOU tariff schemes stagger their cheap-tariff times among different PEV-groups and use their execution probabilities to adapt to the system supply-demand status in short time scales. A charging coordination incorporated dynamic economic dispatch (CCDED) model is formulated to help optimally tune the execution probabilities. Numerical tests show high performances the adaptive TS-TOU tariff schemes.