Optimal Number of Electric Vehicles for Existing Networks Considering Economic and Emission Dispatch

The future transportation network is expected to be dominated by electric vehicles (EVs). With an increase in grid-connected vehicles, the power grid needs to increase its generation capacity to meet their charging demand. Thus, from a grid perspective, it is essential to find the maximum number of EVs that the existing infrastructure can handle. This research proposes a new framework to identify the fleet size capability of a power network in both uncontrolled and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes of operation. The proposed model is modeled as an optimization problem and tested on a system that is formed by combining IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and a ten-unit generation system. Simulation results show that the current system can handle a fixed number of EVs when they operate independently. Participation of EVs in a V2G market significantly enhances the fleet size handling capability of the existing infrastructure, which is approximately four times the present capacity. Furthermore, a relation between the fleet size of EVs and operating points of plants is extracted, which is very beneficial for system planners. The result reveals that the time span requirements for power infrastructure upgradation can be increased by twofold if the V2G market is applied in the network.