A Detailed Study on Light-Induced Degradation of Cz-Si PERC-Type Solar Cells: Evidence of Rear Surface-Related Degradation

A light-induced degradation phenomenon of unknown origin in p-type Cz-Si passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC)-type solar cells is thoroughly investigated by collating results from different measurement techniques and predictions from various simulations. The observed degradation manifests in slight losses in j
_sc
, strong losses in V
_oc
, and devastating losses in FF, and thus massively impacts efficiency. It is found that the series resistance degrades significantly due to a degradation of front contact resistance. This, however, does not explain losses in V
_oc
and j
_sc
, which are attributed to the degradation of a different cell component. Neither a degradation by defect formation in the space charge region, nor the emitter, nor the bulk is found to consistently explain the observations. Only a rear surface-related degradation mechanism explains consistently all experimental findings.