Novel Detection Scheme for X-Ray Small-Angle Scattering

X-ray imaging techniques, including X-ray radiography and computed tomography, have been in use for decades and proven effective and indispensable in diagnosis and therapy due to their fine resolution and fast acquisition speed. However, the innate disadvantage of X-ray is the poor soft tissue contrast. Small-angle scattering signals were shown to provide unique information about the abnormality of soft tissues that is complementary to the traditional attenuation image. Currently, there is no effective small-angle scattering detection system. In this paper, we propose a new “collimation” design dedicated to capture a small-angle scattering radiographic image directly, which carries critical pathological information for differentiation between normal and abnormal tissues. Our design consists of two interlaced gratings so that both primary flux and Compton scattering photons are effectively blocked to leave the apertures mainly open to small-angle scattering photons. Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that small-angle scattering radiography is feasible with our proposed technology.