Three Branches of Negative Representation of Information: A Survey

Negative Representation of Information (NRI) is an emerging topic that is primarily inspired by the self-nonself discrimination paradigm of the biological immune system, and it is mainly used as an emerging technique for security and privacy. For the first time, this paper provides a survey of the models and algorithms that are based on Negative Representation of Information. Thus far, the NRI has three primary branches, namely, negative selection algorithms, negative databases, and negative surveys. The basic ideas, related algorithms, and applications of each branch are summarized as well as issues that need to be studied further.