Reduced-Scale Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulation of an Urban Electric Minibus Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation

Electric buses are fundamental alternatives to reduce CO
₂
emission in transportation sector. This paper presents a study of an electric minibus using a reduced-scale Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation. The focus is on a real case study of an electric minibus of Coimbra with a real driving profile reference. Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) graphical representation technique is employed to organize the simulation. Static models of the drives are employed to ease the simulation. As a result, an alternative of employing new batteries and electric drive to such a vehicle is validated through this reduced scale experimental setup.