Measuring student mental readiness for flipped blended learning: Scale development and validation

In recent years, with the rapid development of technology, Chinese traditional exam-oriented education cannot meet people's need and the social demand for talent. Many native universities face the challenges of education reformation with the emergence of MOOCs, flipped classroom, blended learning, collaborative learning etc. This study surveyed 113 undergraduate students, majoring in international finance management, in order to investigate their mental readiness regarding flipped blended learning classroom combined with collaborative learning by teaching. After the introduction of the flipped blended learning methodology, the survey was implemented in three classrooms that were taught by the same instructor. SPSS 24 software and AMOS 24 software were adopted for data analysis. Through factor analysis, the mental readiness for flipped blended learning consists of four factors: student attitude, motivation for learning, self-efficacy and group efficacy. Examination of the scale led to satisfactory results in terms of reliability, validity, and its predictive power for student mental readiness for flipped blended learning. Summarizing, the scale can help teachers understand student mental situation and improve the development of pedagogical reformation.