Modeling Edge Recombination in Silicon Solar Cells

A new approach to model edge recombination in silicon solar cells is presented. The model accounts for recombination both at the edge of the quasi-neutral bulk as well as at an exposed space-charge-region (SCR), the latter via an edge-length-specific diode property with an ideality factor of 2: a localized J
_02,edge
. The model is implemented in Quokka3, where the J
₀₂
, edge is applied locally to the edges of the three-dimensional geometry, imposing less simplifying assumptions compared with the common way of applying it as an external diode. A “worst-case” value for J
_02,edge
, assuming very high surface recombination, is determined by fitting to full detailed device simulations which resolve the SCR recombination. A value of ~19 nA/cm is found, which is shown to be largely independent of device properties. The new approach is applied to model the impact of edge recombination on full cell performance for a substantial variety of device properties. It is found that recombination at the quasi-neutral bulk edge does not increase the J
₀₂
of the dark J-V curve, but still shows a nonideal impact on the light J-V curve similar to the SCR recombination. This needs to be considered in the experimental evaluation of edge losses, which is commonly performed via fitting J
₀₂
to dark J-V curves.