Two systolic architectures for modular multiplication

The authors present two systolic architectures to speed up the computation of modular multiplication in RSA cryptosystems. In the double-layer architecture, the main operation of Montgomery's algorithm is partitioned into two parallel operations after using the precomputation of the quotient bit. In the non-interlaced architecture, we eliminate the one-clock-cycle gap between iterations by pairing off the double-layer architecture. We compare our architectures with some previously proposed Montgomery-based systolic architectures, on the basis of both modular multiplication and modular exponentiation. The comparisons indicate that our architectures offer the highest speed, lower hardware complexity, and lower power consumption.