Beam-Tilting Endfire Antenna Using a Single-Layer FSS for 5G Communication Networks

This letter describes a simple beam-tilting technique for an endfire antenna using only a single-layer frequency selective surface (FSS). The proposed approach is based on placing a parasitic FSS element under the antenna to tilt the beam in the desired direction. This is achieved by using a modified uniplanar compact FSS. To demonstrate the principle, the periodic structure is applied to a Yagi-Uda antenna operating in the millimeter-wave frequency band from 28 to 31 GHz. The measured results, by integrating the proposed FSS (one layer of 3 × 5 unit cells) under the directors of the antenna, show that at 30 GHz, the main beam radiation tilts the endfire direction (yz plane) by +23° and -29° when the FSS structure is rotated by 90°, respectively. The simplicity of this method makes it suitable for 5G communication networks.