Small unmanned aircraft system (SUAS) automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) like surveillance concept of operations: A path forward for small UAS surveillance

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (SUAS) are becoming more common in the National Airspace System (NAS). The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) forecasts SUAS growth to be over 2.69 million by 2020 [1]. The majority of these operations are expected to occur below 400 feet above ground level. Due to the clutter of SUAS operations, a surveillance system will likely be required to help SUAS operators avoid collisions with other aircraft and eventually, to help integrate these operations into the National Airspace. A concept for such a SUAS surveillance service is presented in this paper. A surveillance solution concept is proposed that leverages Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks to provide ADS-B like services to SUAS. Using both networks enables surveillance coverage at low altitude that is able to be integrated with existing FAA surveillance services. This paper describes the need for a new SUAS surveillance service, a set of use cases for that service, and proposes a conceptual system solution, referred to as `Vigilant'. The Vigilant proposal includes the use of a new ADS-B frequency for air-to-air communications, a concept for leveraging the LTE network, and new surveillance message content specific to SUAS operations. Future research needs are discussed to expand on the concept, furthering the capability of the system to support SUAS operations. The Vigilant SUAS surveillance communication concept will enable the safe and efficient integration of SUAS into the NAS.