Shipboard Microgrids: A Novel Approach to Load Frequency Control

Due to the fast development of renewable energy systems and the severe limitations enforced by the marine pollution protocol, the utilizing of wind turbines (WTs), solar generation, sea wave energy (SWE), and energy storage systems (ESS) in marine vessel power systems have been attracting a lot of attention. Hence, a marine vessel power system with photovoltaic, WT, SWE, and ESS can be considered as a specific mobile islanded microgrid. Consequently, the main target of this paper is to design a new optimal fractional order fuzzy PD+I load frequency controller (LFC) for islanded microgrids in a ship power system. Since the performance of the controller depends on its parameters, the optimization of these coefficients can play a significant role in improving the output performance of the LFC control. Accordingly, a modified black hole optimization algorithm is utilized for the adaptive tuning of the coefficients of noninteger fuzzy PD+I controller. The performance of the shipboard microgrid is evaluated by utilizing real-world wind power fluctuation and solar radiation data. Finally, the extensive studies and hardware-in-the-loop simulations are applied to prove that the proposed controller can track the reference frequency with lower deviation as well as it is more robust in comparison with the prior-art controllers utilized in the case studies.