Use of embedded markup for semantic annotations in e-government and e-education websites

The embedded markup by using formats such as RDFa, Microdata, Microformats, and JSON-LD has become a valuable alternative to describe structured data content on the Web. These annotations are used primarily to improve search on the Web by adding semantic to the web content. Recent publications have exposed statistics data extracted from the analysis of web corpora, about the deployment of these markup formats. Nevertheless, these data do not include information regarding the use of these annotations in e-government and e-education fields. In this research, we explore the use of these markup formats in those fields through the analysis of official government websites from all countries recognized by the United Nations and important educational websites of universities and Open Educational Resources. The results of this work provide a first insight into the state of adoption of these markup formats in e-government and e-education fields and highlight issues concerning their use.