HVAC transmission restrictions in large scale offshore wind farm applications

Bulk power transmission across long distances has been mostly based in High Voltage Alternated Current solutions, not only due to their flexibility and cost, but also driven by the broad available portfolio. However, this solution has known physical boundaries which are quite relevant especially under the analysis of long-distance offshore wind farm applications. The aim of this paper is to present those limitations by means of a simple, graphical and straightforward computational tool, capable of executing dynamic simulations of several transmission lines or cables, by quickly adjusting the voltage, current, power factor and distance conditions. The conclusions will be shown mainly by means of stress points and operation ranges.