Simultaneous operation of near-to-sea and off-shore wind farms with ocean renewable energy storage

Renewable energy has recently significant incremental upward trend. In spite of such considerable growth in utilization of these kinds of energies, it has some downsides too. Renewable energies, such as wind and solar energy, have normally uncertainty, which confront operation of power system with some difficulties and complexities. Moreover, power system operation scheduling must be performed more exact as possible to diminish costs of system and protect it from losing any type of stability. In addition, in restructured power systems, the units having uncertainty have high risk of participation in wholesale power market because if they cannot be able to provide undertaken demand, they must be penalized by market operator. This curtailment also increases spot market clearing price (MCP) and total operation cost of system, and decrease profit of uncertain units. Therefore, use of large scale electrical energy storage units such as pumped-storage (PS), compressed air energy storage (CAES) and ocean renewable energy storage units (ORES) is inevitable in order to compensate imbalances performed by uncertainty. These types of storages can be constructed in a certain topological place, which must have specific geographical characteristics. In near-to-sea places, construction of PS and CAES units are predominantly impossible. Nevertheless, there are usually high potential of on-shore and off-shore wind energy extraction. Hence, coordination of ORES units and wind farms has some advantages, which are investigated in a 10-unit test system considering all operation constraints.