Rough surface scattering at low-grazing incidence: A dedicated model

The rough surface radar cross section becomes very small at grazing incidence, since most part of the energy travels in the forward direction. We build a rigorous model that can estimate it accurately. It is based on a specific integral formalism, and applies to both low-grazing incidence and scattering angles. Reference data are produced to test the validity of approximate models, and a technique for extrapolation is detailed.