Two-dimensional beam steering array using planar eight-element composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antennas

A two-dimensional beam steering array composed of an eight-element antenna array using composite right/left-handed leaky-wave antennas fed by an 8 × 8 Butler matrix network is designed at X-band. An eight-way beam switching in one direction by input port switching and a continuous beam steering in the other direction by frequency sweep are achieved. A wide range beam steering operation covering from –55 to +53 degrees by port switching and from –37 to +27 degrees by frequency sweep is demonstrated with the maximum gain of 9.2 dBi.