Unmanned aerial systems operational challenges when used between regions where English is not widely spoken or understood: Human factors communication

Unmanned Aerial Systems, UASs, are being developed for more advanced operations such as search, research, and surveillance. These advanced operations may require flights of long distances, exceed line-of-sight, and involve flight crossing different geographic and cultural boundaries. When deployed in regions that require one or more such border crossings into areas where English may not be widely spoken or understood, additional operational challenges will likely exist. The limitations and possible boundaries are also evaluated to see the possible extent of the problem in Europe where in excess of two boundaries may exist. This research will examine those potential operational challenges, their inherent difficulties, and the associated risks, and any legal implications. It will compare the language skills required for commercial operators, both what is needed now and what will be needed in the future, to bridge the language gap for safe UAS operations in multi-lingual environments. Furthermore, it will examine language standardizations needed to ensure UASs maintain safety standards comparable to those achieved in the commercial passenger sector. In addition, it will recommend what future steps and the potential problems in implement.