Anisotropic adaptive mesh refinement for EM finite element analysis in 2 dimensions

The paper presents a novel technique for adaption where the EM field distribution is iteratively used to determine the element size, orientation and shape in order to create an optimal mesh. At each step, the area of the model is packed with a specified number of ellipses, whose shape varies according to the local field level and gradient obtained from the previous solution and an anisotropic mesh is created. This adaption process is particularly efficient when rapid field variations occur in one direction, e.g. for strong skin effects in eddy-current problems.