Surface emitting laser arrays with uniformly separated wavelengths

Recently, there has been intensive research on vertical-cavity surface-emitting (VC-SE) lasers. The VC-SE lasers are promising because the processing is wafer-scale and cost-effective, and high packing density as well as low threshold current can be obtained. For applications in optical signal processing optical interconnects, optical neural networks, and optical communications using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), it is important to obtain a 2-dimensional (2-D) array of monolithically integrated multiple wavelength lasers.