$1024 \times 1024$ Pixel Charge-Transfer-Type Hydrogen Ion Image Sensor

The charge transfer technique, which can operate in the charge accumulation mode, is suitable for pH imaging to detect small changes in potential. An advanced charge-transfer-type hydrogen image sensor consisting of 1024 × 1024 pixels was fabricated. The new pixel design and scanning system achieve a high-density image element with a pixel area of 12.1 × 12.1 μm
²
, which is 73% less than that in our previous work. The pH sensitivity is 29.8 mV/pH when using standard pH solutions. All 1024 × 1024 pixels are capable of measuring hydrogen ions, as demonstrated in a video of hydrogen ion movement on the new sensor chip.