Dynamic and Wireless Sensing Measurements of Potentiometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Graphene and Magnetic Beads

In this paper, the arrayed flexible pH sensor and glucose biosensor modified by magnetic beads and graphene were proposed. The ruthenium dioxide (RuO
₂
) sensing films were deposited by radio frequency sputtering system and the screen-printed technique was used to construct the silver conducting wires and insulation layer of the RuO2 electrodes. In order to enhance performance of the pH sensor and glucose biosensor, the microfluidic device had been utilized and developed. In the measurement processes, the different pH and glucose solutions were investigated in various flow rates. According to the experimental results, the average sensitivity of the pH sensor was enhanced from 52.280 to 57.981 mV/pH and the average sensitivity of the RuO
₂
/graphene/magnetic bead-GO
_x
-Nafion glucose biosensor was enhanced from 10.628 to 13.541 mV/mM. With regard to the wireless sensing measurements, the wireless sensing system which complied the ZigBee standard was employed to transmit the signals of the pH or glucose measurements in this investigation, and the system consisted of the Xbee device, Arduino Mega 2560, readout circuit, pH or glucose biosensor and computer. According to the experimental results, the average sensitivity and linearity of the pH sensor were 51.063 mV/pH and 0.988, respectively, and the average sensitivity and linearity of the RuO
₂
/graphene/magnetic bead-GO
_x
-Nafion glucose biosensor were 11.005 mV/mM and 0.995, respectively.