Geographie multicast routing protocol for achieving efficient and scalable group communication over MANET

Multicast Routing plays a vital role in implementing group communication over a Mobile AdHoc Network (MANET). The geographic multicast routing forms a virtual tree structure with the knowledge of location information. It is difficult to create an optimal multicast tree and group maintenance, because it needs to repair the link disconnections induced by the node mobility properly. This paper proposes an efficient Zone based Geographical Multicast Routing (ZGMR) protocol for achieving efficient and scalable group communication in a dynamic network topology. It employs a stateless unicast routing protocol to transmit the data packets individually to each multicast member. This work creates the virtual zone based structure using a set of multiple zone members and includes the link duration based greedy selection for implementing the scalable group membership management. It incorporates two metrics such as distance and link duration to select the data forwarding nodes, and adjusts the tree structure to manage the dynamic network topology. Thus, the sender node is aware of the accurate location information and selects the highly adaptive forwarding node with long duration. The determination of more stable paths with the knowledge of geological information reduces the redundant packet transmission. Thus, the proposed multicast routing efficiently constructs the routing paths in a zone based multicasting and maintains the group membership even in a high mobility scenario. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ZGMR protocol achieves a high packet delivery ratio against various group size and node pause time, and temporary link disconnection rate.