Dendritic cell vaccination for glioblastoma multiforme: Clinical experience and future directions

Dendritic cell vaccination is an experimental treatment for malignant gliomas, and has been subject of a translational program for more than ten years in our center. In vitro research, animal models and clinical trials for relapsed and newly diagnosed patients have been conducted. In this paper, we give an overview of the mechanism and rationale of this treatment for brain cancer. We also briefly discuss recently updated results of our clinical trials. Finally, we mention strategies to select patients for this therapy and additional immunotherapeutic strategies to further enhance the antitumor immune responses.