Face identification for pre and post maxillofacial surgery cases based on 3D head model and multiple watermarking approach

In this paper the authors present a novel approach of matching complex maxillofacial surgical faces of individuals with their pre-surgical face image for authentication and validation by using 3D head models and cephalometric analysis.3D visualization of fiducial points and maxillofacial morphology is strongly urged for locating accurate positions of bones and soft tissues in a successful face authentication mechanism irrespective of major and minor changes in face due to surgical procedures. The system works by constructing 3D head models wherein a standard head model is modified and adapted to individual head model using feature points extracted, from the individual's facial image and cephalogram. Feature points once extracted are watermarked in constructed head models for future comparisons. The authentication process is completed in a sequence of six steps which includes data acquisition, feature point calculation using AAM, extraction of pre-embedded feature points from individual 3D head models, comparison of calculated and extracted feature points, comparison of input Cephalogram with lateral view of matching 3D head model and finally face authentication. A successful match of lateral view of head model with the individual's cephalogram is an indication of face authentication.